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, or kana spelling, is a style of romanization of Japanese originally devised for entering Japanese into word processors (''wādo purosessā'', often abbreviated ''wāpuro'') while using a Western QWERTY keyboard. In Japanese, the more formal name is , literally "Roman character kana conversion". One conversion method has been standardized as JIS X 4063:2000 (Keystroke to KANA Transfer Method Using Latin Letter Key for Japanese Input Method); however, the standard explicitly states that it is intended as a means of input, not as a method of romanization.〔「この規格は、キー入力時の変換方式を規定するものであって、日本語のローマ字の標準表記を規定するものではない。」 (JISX4063 仮名漢字変換システムのための英字キー入力から仮名への変換方式 ), page 2.〕 Wāpuro rōmaji is now frequently employed in general-purpose computer input as well as word processing, but the name lives on. Wāpuro-style romanizations are also frequently used by native speakers of Japanese in informal contexts, as well as by many fans of anime and other aspects of Japanese culture. A common characteristic of these (often online) cases is the avoidance of hard-to-type circumflexes or macrons. Also, some ambiguities in spelling may exist. Spellings are seen that would fail to produce the desired kana when typed on a computer, for example failure to distinguish between ず (properly entered as "zu") and づ (properly entered as "du"). ==Spelling conventions== In practice, there are as many variants of wāpuro rōmaji as there are manufacturers of word processing and IME software. Many aspects of Hepburn, Kunrei and Nihon-shiki romanizations are accepted, so that both ''si'' (Kunrei/Nihon-shiki) and ''shi'' (Hepburn) resolve to し. Some conventions, however, differ from standard romanizations: * Owing to the difficulty of entering diacritics like macrons or circumflexes with standard keyboards—as well as the ambiguity of ō, etc. Which in Hepburn can represent either おう or おお—long vowels are almost universally entered following kana spelling rules; thus, ''kou'' for こう and ''koo'' for こお. *The Nihon-shiki forms of romanization take precedence over other romanizations. Thus ''du'' usually produces づ rather than どぅ. * Small kana can be entered by prefacing them with an ''x'' or ''l'', e.g. ''xa'' for ぁ, or ''ltu'' for っ. This is commonly employed for modern katakana combinations like ティ, which would be entered ''texi'' or ''thi''. However, on some systems ''l'' is treated the same as ''r'' when followed by a vowel or "y". * じゃ, じゅ and じょ may also be romanized as ''jya'', ''jyu'' and ''jyo'' respectively. This matches the kana closely, but is used by neither Nihon-shiki/Kunrei (which would be ''zya, zyu, zyo'') nor Hepburn (''ja, ju, jo''). * The Hepburn spelling ''tchi'' for っち may be rejected, and ''cchi'' may be required instead. * The Hepburn spelling ''mma'' is likely to be rendered っま, not the intended んま (''nma''). This is not an issue for revised Hepburn, which eliminates the ''-mm-'' forms in favor of ''-nm-''. * Moraic ''n'', ん, can be entered as ''nn'', ''n'' or '' * Phonetic names can often be used for Japanese typographic symbols not found on standard keyboards. For example, in some IMEs ～ can be entered as ''nami'' (wave) or ''kara'' (from) and an ellipsis (…) can be entered as ''tenten'' (point point). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wāpuro rōmaji」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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